Development of crosslinked PVA–chitosan composite membranes incorporating kraft or organosolv lignin for energy conversion and storage applications
Анотація
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly polymer widely investigated for energy applications [1]. However, its low ionic conductivity, excessive swelling, and high permeability currently limit its performance [2]. Blending PVA with the abundant biopolymer chitosan (CS) can improve conductivity and physico-chemical stability, while enhancing the sustainability of the membranes [3]. Further property enhancement is achieved by cross-linking with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), which forms covalent bonds and introduces sulfonic acid groups that facilitate water retention and ion transport [4].
This study investigates the optimisation of a PVA/CS blend (60:40) containing 20 wt%CS of the plasticiser glycerol and 30 wt%PVA of SSA [5] using two hot press cross-linking conditions (110 °C for 2 h or 120 °C for 3 h, both at 25 kg/cm²) and the addition of 5 wt%CS kraft lignin (KL) or organosolv lignin (OL) as filler. Overall, this strategy aims to develop sustainable polymer membranes tailored for advanced energy-related applications.
Посилання
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